Difference between revisions of "Brassica napus Linnaeus (Q3623)"
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| Property / accepted id | |||
| + | Brassica napus Linnaeus | ||
| Property / accepted id: Brassica napus Linnaeus / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / accepted id: Brassica napus Linnaeus / qualifier | |||
| + | taxon name: Brassica napus | ||
| Property / accepted id: Brassica napus Linnaeus / qualifier | |||
| + | taxon authority: Linnaeus | ||
| Property / accepted id: Brassica napus Linnaeus / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / accepted id: Brassica napus Linnaeus / qualifier | |||
| + | publication: FNA Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Oxford University Press, New York. | ||
| Property / accepted id: Brassica napus Linnaeus / qualifier | |||
| + | taxon status: accepted | ||
| Property / accepted id: Brassica napus Linnaeus / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon name | |||
| + | Brassica napus | ||
| Property / taxon name: Brassica napus / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon name: Brassica napus / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon authority | |||
| + | Linnaeus | ||
| Property / taxon authority: Linnaeus / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon authority: Linnaeus / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon rank | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon rank: species / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon rank: species / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon status | |||
| + | accepted | ||
| Property / taxon status: accepted / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon status: accepted / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | colza (French) | ||
| Property / common name: colza (French) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: colza (French) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | chou-rave (French) | ||
| Property / common name: chou-rave (French) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: chou-rave (French) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | chou navet (French) | ||
| Property / common name: chou navet (French) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: chou navet (French) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | rutabaga (French) | ||
| Property / common name: rutabaga (French) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: rutabaga (French) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | moutarde-navet (French) | ||
| Property / common name: moutarde-navet (French) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: moutarde-navet (French) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | navet (French) | ||
| Property / common name: navet (French) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: navet (French) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | rapeseed (English) | ||
| Property / common name: rapeseed (English) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: rapeseed (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | winter rape (English) | ||
| Property / common name: winter rape (English) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: winter rape (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | canola (English) | ||
| Property / common name: canola (English) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: canola (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | rutabaga (English) | ||
| Property / common name: rutabaga (English) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: rutabaga (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | Swedish turnip (English) | ||
| Property / common name: Swedish turnip (English) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: Swedish turnip (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | oilseed rape (English) | ||
| Property / common name: oilseed rape (English) / rank | |||
| + | Preferred rank | ||
| Property / common name: oilseed rape (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | Canola (English) | ||
| Property / common name: Canola (English) / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / common name: Canola (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | oilseed rape (English) | ||
| Property / common name: oilseed rape (English) / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / common name: oilseed rape (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | rape (English) | ||
| Property / common name: rape (English) / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / common name: rape (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | rapeseed (English) | ||
| Property / common name: rapeseed (English) / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / common name: rapeseed (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | rutabaga (English) | ||
| Property / common name: rutabaga (English) / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / common name: rutabaga (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | swede (English) | ||
| Property / common name: swede (English) / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / common name: swede (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | swede rape (English) | ||
| Property / common name: swede rape (English) / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / common name: swede rape (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / common name | |||
| + | Swedish turnip (English) | ||
| Property / common name: Swedish turnip (English) / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / common name: Swedish turnip (English) / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / VasCan taxon numeric id | |||
| + | 3922 | ||
| Property / VasCan taxon numeric id: 3922 / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / VasCan taxon numeric id: 3922 / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-BC | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-BC / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-BC / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-BC / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-BC / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-BC / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, D.V. Meidinger & J. Pojar. 1998. Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands & Parks and B.C. Ministry of Forests. Victoria. Crown Publications. 8 vols. | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-AB | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-AB / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-AB / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-AB / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-AB / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-AB / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Moss, E.H. 1983. Flora of Alberta. 2nd edition, revised by J.G. Packer. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. 687 pp. | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-SK | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-SK / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-SK / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-SK / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-SK / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-SK / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Harms, V.L. 2006. Annotated catalogue of Saskatchewan vascular plants. http://www.biodiversity.sk.ca/Docs/AnnotatedCatalogueSKVascPlants2006.pdf | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-MB | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-MB / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-MB / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-MB / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-MB / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-MB / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-ON | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-ON / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-ON / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-ON / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-ON / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-ON / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Newmaster, S.G., A. Lehela, M.J. Oldham, P.W.C. Uhlig & S. McMurray. 1998. Ontario Plant List. Ontario Forest Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Forest Information Paper No. 123. 550 pp. | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-QC | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-QC / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-QC / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-QC / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-QC / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-QC / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Marie-Victorin, Fr. 1995. Flore laurentienne. 3e éd. Mise à jour et annotée par L. Brouillet, S.G. Hay, I. Goulet, M. Blondeau, J. Cayouette et J. Labrecque. Gaétan Morin éditeur. 1093 pp. | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-NB | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NB / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NB / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-NB / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NB / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NB / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Hinds, H.R. 2000. Flora of New Brunswick : a manual for the identification of the vascular plants of New Brunswick. 2nd edition. Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton. 699 pp. | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-PE | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-PE / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-PE / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-PE / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: excluded | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-PE / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Catling, P.M., D.S. Erskine & R.B. MacLaren. 1985. The Plants of Prince Edward Island with new records, nomenclatural changes, and corrections and deletions. Agriculture Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa. Publication 1798. 272 pp. | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-NS | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NS / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NS / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-NS / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NS / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NS / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Zinck, M. 1998. Roland's Flora of Nova Scotia. Nimber Publishing & Nova Scotia Museum. Halifax, N. S. 2 vols. 1297 pp. | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | Newfoundland, CA | ||
| Property / distribution: Newfoundland, CA / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: Newfoundland, CA / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: Newfoundland, CA / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: Newfoundland, CA / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Meades, S., S.G. Hay & L. Brouillet. 2000. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador. Published in association with A Digital Flora of Newfoundland and Labrador Vascular Plants. http://www.digitalnaturalhistory.com/meades.htm (consulted 2009-09-02) http://www.digitalnaturalhistory.com/meades.htm | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | Labrador, CA | ||
| Property / distribution: Labrador, CA / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: Labrador, CA / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: Labrador, CA / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: Labrador, CA / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Meades, S., S.G. Hay & L. Brouillet. 2000. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador. Published in association with A Digital Flora of Newfoundland and Labrador Vascular Plants. http://www.digitalnaturalhistory.com/meades.htm (consulted 2009-09-02) http://www.digitalnaturalhistory.com/meades.htm | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-NT | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NT / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NT / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-NT / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NT / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NT / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Porsild, A.E. & W.J. Cody. 1980. Vascular Plants of the Continental Northwest Territories, Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Ont. 667 pp. | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | Greenland, GL | ||
| Property / distribution: Greenland, GL / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: Greenland, GL / qualifier | |||
| + | occurrence status: present | ||
| Property / distribution: Greenland, GL / qualifier | |||
| + | establishment of distribution: introduced | ||
| Property / distribution: Greenland, GL / reference | |||
| + | provenance: Database of Vascular Plants of Canada publication: Böcher, T.W., B. Fredskild, K. Holmen & K. Jakobsen. 1978. Grønlands Flora. P. Haase & Søns Forlag, København. 326 pp. | ||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-AB | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-AB / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-AB / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-AB / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Alta. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-AB / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-BC | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-BC / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-BC / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-BC / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: B.C. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-BC / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-MB | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-MB / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-MB / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-MB / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Man. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-MB / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-NB | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NB / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NB / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-NB / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: N.B. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NB / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-NL | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NL / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NL / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-NL / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Nfld. and Labr. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NL / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-NT | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NT / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NT / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-NT / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: N.W.T. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NT / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-NS | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NS / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NS / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-NS / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: N.S. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-NS / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-ON | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-ON / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-ON / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-ON / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Ont. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-ON / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-PE | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-PE / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-PE / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-PE / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: P.E.I. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-PE / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-QC | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-QC / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-QC / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-QC / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Que. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-QC / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | CA-SK | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-SK / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-SK / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: CA-SK / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Sask. | ||
| Property / distribution: CA-SK / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-AK | ||
| Property / distribution: US-AK / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-AK / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-AK / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Alaska | ||
| Property / distribution: US-AK / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-AZ | ||
| Property / distribution: US-AZ / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-AZ / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-AZ / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Ariz. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-AZ / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-AR | ||
| Property / distribution: US-AR / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-AR / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-AR / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Ark. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-AR / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-CA | ||
| Property / distribution: US-CA / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-CA / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-CA / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Calif. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-CA / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-CO | ||
| Property / distribution: US-CO / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-CO / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-CO / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Colo. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-CO / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-CT | ||
| Property / distribution: US-CT / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-CT / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-CT / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Conn. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-CT / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-DE | ||
| Property / distribution: US-DE / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-DE / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-DE / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Del. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-DE / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-DC | ||
| Property / distribution: US-DC / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-DC / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-DC / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: D.C. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-DC / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-FL | ||
| Property / distribution: US-FL / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-FL / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-FL / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Fla. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-FL / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-GA | ||
| Property / distribution: US-GA / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-GA / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-GA / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Ga. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-GA / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-ID | ||
| Property / distribution: US-ID / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-ID / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-ID / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Idaho | ||
| Property / distribution: US-ID / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-IL | ||
| Property / distribution: US-IL / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-IL / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-IL / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Ill. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-IL / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-IN | ||
| Property / distribution: US-IN / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-IN / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-IN / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Ind. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-IN / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-IA | ||
| Property / distribution: US-IA / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-IA / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-IA / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Iowa | ||
| Property / distribution: US-IA / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-KY | ||
| Property / distribution: US-KY / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-KY / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-KY / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Ky. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-KY / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-LA | ||
| Property / distribution: US-LA / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-LA / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-LA / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: La. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-LA / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-ME | ||
| Property / distribution: US-ME / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-ME / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-ME / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Maine | ||
| Property / distribution: US-ME / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-MD | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MD / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MD / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-MD / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Md. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MD / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-MA | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MA / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MA / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-MA / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Mass. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MA / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-MI | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MI / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MI / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-MI / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Mich. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MI / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-MS | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MS / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MS / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-MS / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Miss. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MS / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-MO | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MO / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MO / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-MO / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Mo. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-MO / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-NH | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NH / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NH / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-NH / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: N.H. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NH / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-NJ | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NJ / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NJ / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-NJ / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: N.J. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NJ / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-NY | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NY / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NY / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-NY / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: N.Y. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NY / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-NC | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NC / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NC / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-NC / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: N.C. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-NC / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-OH | ||
| Property / distribution: US-OH / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-OH / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-OH / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Ohio | ||
| Property / distribution: US-OH / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-OK | ||
| Property / distribution: US-OK / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-OK / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-OK / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Okla. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-OK / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-OR | ||
| Property / distribution: US-OR / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-OR / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-OR / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Oreg. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-OR / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-PA | ||
| Property / distribution: US-PA / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-PA / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-PA / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Pa. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-PA / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-TN | ||
| Property / distribution: US-TN / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-TN / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-TN / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Tenn. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-TN / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-UT | ||
| Property / distribution: US-UT / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-UT / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-UT / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Utah | ||
| Property / distribution: US-UT / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-VT | ||
| Property / distribution: US-VT / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-VT / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-VT / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Vt. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-VT / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-VA | ||
| Property / distribution: US-VA / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-VA / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-VA / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Va. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-VA / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-WA | ||
| Property / distribution: US-WA / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-WA / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-WA / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Wash. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-WA / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-WV | ||
| Property / distribution: US-WV / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-WV / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-WV / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: W.Va. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-WV / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | US-WI | ||
| Property / distribution: US-WI / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: US-WI / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution: US-WI / qualifier | |||
| + | original value: Wis. | ||
| Property / distribution: US-WI / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | Europe | ||
| Property / distribution: Europe / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: Europe / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | Asia | ||
| Property / distribution: Asia / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: Asia / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | Africa | ||
| Property / distribution: Africa / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: Africa / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | also in Mexico | ||
| Property / distribution: also in Mexico / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: also in Mexico / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | Central America | ||
| Property / distribution: Central America / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: Central America / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | South America | ||
| Property / distribution: South America / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: South America / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | Atlantic Islands | ||
| Property / distribution: Atlantic Islands / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: Atlantic Islands / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / distribution | |||
| + | Australia | ||
| Property / distribution: Australia / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / distribution: Australia / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / parent taxon | |||
| + | |||
| Property / parent taxon: Brassica Linnaeus / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / parent taxon: Brassica Linnaeus / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon habit | |||
| + | herb | ||
| Property / taxon habit: herb / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon habit: herb / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / GBIF taxon key | |||
| + | 3042636 | ||
| Property / GBIF taxon key: 3042636 / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / GBIF taxon key: 3042636 / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / IUCN Redlist Category | |||
| + | NE | ||
| Property / IUCN Redlist Category: NE / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / IUCN Redlist Category: NE / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / phenology | |||
| + | Flowering May–Sep. | ||
| Property / phenology: Flowering May–Sep. / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / phenology: Flowering May–Sep. / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon habitat | |||
| + | roadsides | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: roadsides / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: roadsides / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon habitat | |||
| + | disturbed areas | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: disturbed areas / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: disturbed areas / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon habitat | |||
| + | waste places | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: waste places / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: waste places / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon habitat | |||
| + | cultivated | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: cultivated / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: cultivated / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon habitat | |||
| + | abandoned fields | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: abandoned fields / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: abandoned fields / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon habitat | |||
| + | cultivation | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: cultivation / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon habitat: cultivation / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / elevation | |||
| + | 0-500 m | ||
| Property / elevation: 0-500 m / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / elevation: 0-500 m / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / special status | |||
| + | I | ||
| Property / special status: I / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / special status: I / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | Stems branched distally, 3–13 dm. | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Stems branched distally, 3–13 dm. / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Stems branched distally, 3–13 dm. / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | petiole (often winged), to 15 cm; | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: petiole (often winged), to 15 cm; / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: petiole (often winged), to 15 cm; / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | blade lyrate-pinnatifid, ± pinnately lobed, 5–25 (–40) cm × 20–70 (–100) mm, lobes 0–6 each side, (smaller than terminal), surfaces (glaucous), glabrous or sparsely hairy when immature, glabrescent, or, rarely, pubescent. | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: blade lyrate-pinnatifid, ± pinnately lobed, 5–25 (–40) cm × 20–70 (–100) mm, lobes 0–6 each side, (smaller than terminal), surfaces (glaucous), glabrous or sparsely hairy when immature, glabrescent, or, rarely, pubescent. / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: blade lyrate-pinnatifid, ± pinnately lobed, 5–25 (–40) cm × 20–70 (–100) mm, lobes 0–6 each side, (smaller than terminal), surfaces (glaucous), glabrous or sparsely hairy when immature, glabrescent, or, rarely, pubescent. / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | Cauline leaves (middle and distal) sessile; | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Cauline leaves (middle and distal) sessile; / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Cauline leaves (middle and distal) sessile; / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | blade base auriculate or amplexicaul, (margins entire). | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: blade base auriculate or amplexicaul, (margins entire). / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: blade base auriculate or amplexicaul, (margins entire). / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | Fruiting pedicels spreading to ascending (slender), 1–3 cm. | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Fruiting pedicels spreading to ascending (slender), 1–3 cm. / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Fruiting pedicels spreading to ascending (slender), 1–3 cm. / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | Flowers: sepals (5–) 6–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm; | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Flowers: sepals (5–) 6–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm; / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Flowers: sepals (5–) 6–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm; / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | petals golden or creamy to pale-yellow, broadly obovate, 10–16 × (5–) 6–9 (–10) mm, claw 5–9 mm, apex rounded; | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: petals golden or creamy to pale-yellow, broadly obovate, 10–16 × (5–) 6–9 (–10) mm, claw 5–9 mm, apex rounded; / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: petals golden or creamy to pale-yellow, broadly obovate, 10–16 × (5–) 6–9 (–10) mm, claw 5–9 mm, apex rounded; / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | filaments (5–) 7–10 mm; | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: filaments (5–) 7–10 mm; / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: filaments (5–) 7–10 mm; / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | anthers 1.5–2.5 mm. | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: anthers 1.5–2.5 mm. / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: anthers 1.5–2.5 mm. / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | Fruits spreading to ascending, smooth or slightly torulose, terete, (3.5–) 5–10 (–11) cm × (2.5–) 3.5–5 mm; | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Fruits spreading to ascending, smooth or slightly torulose, terete, (3.5–) 5–10 (–11) cm × (2.5–) 3.5–5 mm; / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Fruits spreading to ascending, smooth or slightly torulose, terete, (3.5–) 5–10 (–11) cm × (2.5–) 3.5–5 mm; / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | valvular segment with 12–20 (–30) seeds per locule, (3–) 4–8.5 (–9.5) cm, terminal segment usually seedless, rarely 1 or 2-seeded (attenuate-conic, thin), (5–) 9–16 mm. | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: valvular segment with 12–20 (–30) seeds per locule, (3–) 4–8.5 (–9.5) cm, terminal segment usually seedless, rarely 1 or 2-seeded (attenuate-conic, thin), (5–) 9–16 mm. / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: valvular segment with 12–20 (–30) seeds per locule, (3–) 4–8.5 (–9.5) cm, terminal segment usually seedless, rarely 1 or 2-seeded (attenuate-conic, thin), (5–) 9–16 mm. / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | Seeds dark-brown to black, light-brown, or reddish, 1.8–2.7 (–3) mm diam.; | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Seeds dark-brown to black, light-brown, or reddish, 1.8–2.7 (–3) mm diam.; / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: Seeds dark-brown to black, light-brown, or reddish, 1.8–2.7 (–3) mm diam.; / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / taxon description fragment | |||
| + | 2n = 38. | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: 2n = 38. / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / taxon description fragment: 2n = 38. / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: branched | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value modifier: distally | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: lyrate-pinnatifid | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: lobed | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value modifier: more or less pinnately | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: sessile | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: auriculate | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: amplexicaul | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value from: creamy | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value to: pale-yellow | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: obovate | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value modifier: broadly | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: rounded | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value from: spreading | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value to: ascending | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: smooth | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: torulose | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value modifier: slightly | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: terete | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value from: dark-brown | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value to: black light-brown or reddish | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value from: dark-brown | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value to: black light-brown or reddish | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value from: dark-brown | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value to: black light-brown or reddish | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: reticulate-alveolate | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: mucilaginous | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value modifier: when wetted | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value: branched | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value modifier: not paniculately | ||
| Property / morphology statement: simple morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value from: spreading | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | morphology statement value to: ascending | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / rank | |||
| + | Normal rank | ||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / qualifier | |||
| + | |||
| Property / morphology statement: range morphology value / reference | |||
| + | |||
Latest revision as of 12:59, 24 June 2022
Brassica napus is a taxon with the rank species within the genus Brassica
| Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
|---|---|---|---|
| English |
Brassica napus Linnaeus
|
Brassica napus is a taxon with the rank species within the genus Brassica
|
Statements
taxon/id/Brassica napus Linnaeus
0 references
Brassica napus Linnaeus
Brassica napus
Linnaeus
FNA Editorial Committee. 2010. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Oxford University Press, New York.
accepted
1 reference
CA-BC
present
introduced
1 reference
Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, D.V. Meidinger & J. Pojar. 1998. Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands & Parks and B.C. Ministry of Forests. Victoria. Crown Publications. 8 vols.
CA-AB
present
introduced
1 reference
Moss, E.H. 1983. Flora of Alberta. 2nd edition, revised by J.G. Packer. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. 687 pp.
CA-SK
present
introduced
1 reference
Harms, V.L. 2006. Annotated catalogue of Saskatchewan vascular plants. http://www.biodiversity.sk.ca/Docs/AnnotatedCatalogueSKVascPlants2006.pdf
CA-MB
present
introduced
1 reference
Manitoba Checklist, 2002
CA-ON
present
introduced
1 reference
Newmaster, S.G., A. Lehela, M.J. Oldham, P.W.C. Uhlig & S. McMurray. 1998. Ontario Plant List. Ontario Forest Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Forest Information Paper No. 123. 550 pp.
CA-QC
present
introduced
1 reference
Marie-Victorin, Fr. 1995. Flore laurentienne. 3e éd. Mise à jour et annotée par L. Brouillet, S.G. Hay, I. Goulet, M. Blondeau, J. Cayouette et J. Labrecque. Gaétan Morin éditeur. 1093 pp.
CA-NB
present
introduced
1 reference
Hinds, H.R. 2000. Flora of New Brunswick : a manual for the identification of the vascular plants of New Brunswick. 2nd edition. Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton. 699 pp.
CA-PE
1 reference
Catling, P.M., D.S. Erskine & R.B. MacLaren. 1985. The Plants of Prince Edward Island with new records, nomenclatural changes, and corrections and deletions. Agriculture Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa. Publication 1798. 272 pp.
CA-NS
present
introduced
1 reference
Zinck, M. 1998. Roland's Flora of Nova Scotia. Nimber Publishing & Nova Scotia Museum. Halifax, N. S. 2 vols. 1297 pp.
Newfoundland, CA
present
introduced
1 reference
Meades, S., S.G. Hay & L. Brouillet. 2000. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador. Published in association with A Digital Flora of Newfoundland and Labrador Vascular Plants. http://www.digitalnaturalhistory.com/meades.htm (consulted 2009-09-02) http://www.digitalnaturalhistory.com/meades.htm
Labrador, CA
present
introduced
1 reference
Meades, S., S.G. Hay & L. Brouillet. 2000. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador. Published in association with A Digital Flora of Newfoundland and Labrador Vascular Plants. http://www.digitalnaturalhistory.com/meades.htm (consulted 2009-09-02) http://www.digitalnaturalhistory.com/meades.htm
CA-NT
present
introduced
1 reference
Porsild, A.E. & W.J. Cody. 1980. Vascular Plants of the Continental Northwest Territories, Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Ont. 667 pp.
Greenland, GL
present
introduced
1 reference
Böcher, T.W., B. Fredskild, K. Holmen & K. Jakobsen. 1978. Grønlands Flora. P. Haase & Søns Forlag, København. 326 pp.
CA-AB
1 reference
CA-BC
1 reference
CA-MB
1 reference
CA-NB
1 reference
CA-NL
Nfld. and Labr.
1 reference
CA-NT
1 reference
CA-NS
1 reference
CA-ON
1 reference
CA-PE
1 reference
CA-QC
1 reference
CA-SK
1 reference
US-AK
1 reference
US-AZ
1 reference
US-AR
1 reference
US-CA
1 reference
US-CO
1 reference
US-CT
1 reference
US-DE
1 reference
US-DC
1 reference
US-FL
1 reference
US-GA
1 reference
US-ID
1 reference
US-IL
1 reference
US-IN
1 reference
US-IA
1 reference
US-KY
1 reference
US-LA
1 reference
US-ME
1 reference
US-MD
1 reference
US-MA
1 reference
US-MI
1 reference
US-MS
1 reference
US-MO
1 reference
US-NH
1 reference
US-NJ
1 reference
US-NY
1 reference
US-NC
1 reference
US-OH
1 reference
US-OK
1 reference
US-OR
1 reference
US-PA
1 reference
US-TN
1 reference
US-UT
1 reference
US-VT
1 reference
US-VA
1 reference
US-WA
1 reference
US-WV
1 reference
US-WI
1 reference
Stems branched distally, 3–13 dm.
1 reference
petiole (often winged), to 15 cm;
1 reference
blade lyrate-pinnatifid, ± pinnately lobed, 5–25 (–40) cm × 20–70 (–100) mm, lobes 0–6 each side, (smaller than terminal), surfaces (glaucous), glabrous or sparsely hairy when immature, glabrescent, or, rarely, pubescent.
1 reference
Cauline leaves (middle and distal) sessile;
1 reference
blade base auriculate or amplexicaul, (margins entire).
1 reference
Fruiting pedicels spreading to ascending (slender), 1–3 cm.
1 reference
Flowers: sepals (5–) 6–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm;
1 reference
petals golden or creamy to pale-yellow, broadly obovate, 10–16 × (5–) 6–9 (–10) mm, claw 5–9 mm, apex rounded;
1 reference
filaments (5–) 7–10 mm;
1 reference
anthers 1.5–2.5 mm.
1 reference
Fruits spreading to ascending, smooth or slightly torulose, terete, (3.5–) 5–10 (–11) cm × (2.5–) 3.5–5 mm;
1 reference
valvular segment with 12–20 (–30) seeds per locule, (3–) 4–8.5 (–9.5) cm, terminal segment usually seedless, rarely 1 or 2-seeded (attenuate-conic, thin), (5–) 9–16 mm.
1 reference
Seeds dark-brown to black, light-brown, or reddish, 1.8–2.7 (–3) mm diam.;
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
more or less pinnately
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
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1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
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1 reference
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1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
dark-brown
black light-brown or reddish
1 reference
dark-brown
black light-brown or reddish
1 reference
dark-brown
black light-brown or reddish
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference
1 reference