Cardamine maxima (Nuttall) Alph. Wood (Q3591)

taxon name

Cardamine maxima

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taxon authority

(Nuttall) Alph. Wood

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taxon rank

species

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taxon status

accepted

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common name

dentaire géante (French)

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cardamine géante (French)

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large toothwort (English)

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three-leaved toothwort (English)

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VasCan taxon numeric id

3968

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distribution

CA-NB

present

native

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publication

Hinds, H.R. 2000. Flora of New Brunswick : a manual for the identification of the vascular plants of New Brunswick. 2nd edition. Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton. 699 pp.

CA-NS

present

native

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CA-ON

present

native

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publication

Newmaster, S.G., A. Lehela, M.J. Oldham, P.W.C. Uhlig & S. McMurray. 1998. Ontario Plant List. Ontario Forest Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Forest Information Paper No. 123. 550 pp.

CA-QC

present

native

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CA-NB

N.B.

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CA-ON

Ont.

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CA-QC

Que.

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US-CT

Conn.

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US-ME

Maine

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US-MA

Mass.

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US-MI

Mich.

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US-NJ

N.J.

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US-NY

N.Y.

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US-OH

Ohio

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US-PA

Pa.

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US-VT

Vt.

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parent taxon

Cardamine Linnaeus

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taxon habit

herb

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GBIF taxon key

3046018

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Global Biodiversity Information Facility

IUCN Redlist Category

NE

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Global Biodiversity Information Facility

phenology

Flowering Apr–Jun.

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taxon habitat

rich woods

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shady ravines

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ledges

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moist alluvial bottoms

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steep forested slopes

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stream banks

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taxon description fragment

Rhizomes cylindrical, 3–6 mm diam., (distinctly constricted at intervals, non-uniform diam., fleshy, slightly fragile, with dentate leaf-scars).

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d0_s2

Stems erect, unbranched, 0.9–3 (–4) dm.

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d0_s3

Rhizomal leaves 3-foliolate, 7–20 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

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d0_s4

petiole 4–15 cm;

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d0_s5

lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate, blade often similar to terminal, base often oblique;

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d0_s6

terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2–1 (–1.7) cm), blade broadly ovate to oblong, 2–7.5 cm × 12–37 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins coarsely dentate to sharply incised, or deeply cleft into 2 or 3 lobes (lobes dentate or incised, margins puberulent).

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d0_s7

Cauline leaves 2 or 3, 3-foliolate, (rarely subopposite), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile;

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d0_s8

petiole (0.5–) 1–4 (–6.5) cm, base not auriculate;

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d0_s9

lateral and terminal leaflets similar to rhizomal, distalmost sometimes much smaller.

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d0_s10

Racemes ebracteate.

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d0_s11

Fruiting pedicels: (flowering ones) horizontal to divaricate or deflexed, 7–20 mm.

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d0_s12

Flowers: sepals (erect to ascending), oblong, 5–7 × 2–3 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally;

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d0_s13

petals white or pink, oblanceolate, 10–17 × 3–6 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded);

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d0_s14

filaments: median pairs 4–8 mm, lateral pair 3–6.5 mm;

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d0_s15

anthers linear, 1.7–2.7 mm.

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d0_s16

Fruits (undeveloped), linear-lanceolate, to 3 cm × 2 mm;

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d0_s17

ovules 10–14 per ovary;

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d0_s18

style 3.5–7 mm.

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d0_s19

2n = 120, 124, 132, 138, 156, 161, ca. 208.

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d0_s21

morphology statement

erect

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d0_s3

unbranched

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d0_s3

3

4

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d0_s3

0.9

3

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d0_s3

3-foliolate

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d0_s4

7

20

1 reference

d0_s4

4

15

1 reference

d0_s5

structure subtype

terminal

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d0_s6

inflorescence phyllaries base

oblique

often

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d0_s6

leaf petiolule

1

1.7

1 reference

d0_s7

leaf petiolule

0.2

1

1 reference

d0_s7

broadly ovate

oblong

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d0_s7

2

7.5

1 reference

d0_s7

12

37

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d0_s7

inflorescence phyllaries base

cuneate

obtuse

1 reference

d0_s7

inflorescence palea margin

coarsely dentate

sharply incised or deeply cleft

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d0_s7

inflorescence palea margin

coarsely dentate

sharply incised or deeply cleft

1 reference

d0_s7

2

1 reference

d0_s8

3

1 reference

d0_s8

3-foliolate

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d0_s8

petiolate

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d0_s8

0.5

1

1 reference

d0_s9

4

6.5

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d0_s9

1

4

1 reference

d0_s9

inflorescence phyllaries base

auriculate

not

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d0_s9

horizontal

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d0_s12

arrangement

divaricate

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d0_s12

deflexed

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d0_s12

7

20

1 reference

d0_s12

oblong

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d0_s13

5

7

1 reference

d0_s13

2

3

1 reference

d0_s13

lateral

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d0_s13

saccate

slightly; basally

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d0_s13

coloration

white

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d0_s14

coloration

pink

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d0_s14

oblanceolate

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d0_s14

10

17

1 reference

d0_s14

3

6

1 reference

d0_s14

median

1 reference

d0_s15

4

8

1 reference

d0_s15

lateral

1 reference

d0_s15

3

6.5

1 reference

d0_s15

inflorescence flower anther

arrangement

course

linear

1 reference

d0_s16

inflorescence flower anther

1.7

2.7

1 reference

d0_s16

fruit

linear-lanceolate

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d0_s17

fruit

0

3

1 reference

d0_s17

fruit

2

1 reference

d0_s17

inflorescence flower gynoecium pistil ovule

10

14

1 reference

d0_s18

inflorescence flower gynoecium pistil style

3.5

7

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d0_s19

120

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d0_s21

124

1 reference

d0_s21

132

1 reference

d0_s21

138

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d0_s21

156

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d0_s21

161

1 reference

d0_s21

208

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d0_s21

stem rhizome

cylindrical

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d0_s2

stem rhizome

diameter

3

6

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d0_s2

petiolulate

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d0_s4

subsessile

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d0_s4

subsessile

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d0_s6

petiolulate

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d0_s6

petiolulate

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d0_s8

subsessile

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d0_s8

distalmost

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d0_s10

size

smaller

sometimes much

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d0_s10

inflorescence raceme

ebracteate

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